Monday,
December 31, 2012. Chaos and violence continue, protests continue,
corruption continues, questions are asked as to why the US supports Thug
Nouri, events of the year in Iraq get reviewed, and more.
Then
came the official end of the war. On December 31, 2011, the country
celebrated "Iraq Day" and the departure of U.S. troops. As Iraq prepares
to mark the anniversary, also known as the "Day of Sovereignty," last
year's celebratory tone has been replaced by a more somber one.
Prime
Minister Nuri al-Maliki's political bloc, the Islamic Dawa Party,
called on Iraqis not to become divided along sectarian or ethnic lines
by "malicious schemes." The country has struggled to define itself, as
its government stumbles from one political crisis to another.
Just
as the last U.S. troops withdrew, al-Maliki, a Shiite, moved to arrest
Vice President Tariq al-Hashimi, a Sunni, who al-Maliki accused of using
his security detail as a hit squad.
More
recently, a few days before the first Iraq Day anniversary, thousands
of Sunnis took to the streets in Anbar province, a major trade
thoroughfare to Jordan and Syria, to protest al-Maliki's order to arrest
the bodyguards of Finance Minister Rafaie Esawi, a Sunni. The arrest of
Esawi's bodyguards came just hours after President Jalal Talabani, a
Kurd who is widely viewed as a stabilizing political force in Iraq, left
the country to undergo treatment for cancer in Germany.
2012
saw another cholera outbreak in Iraq thanks to Nouri al-Maliki's
refusal to spend any of the billions made off of oil on the Iraqi
people. They lack potable water in most areas. If you don't have
potable water -- safe water -- to drink, you have to boil it before
using it (or add purification tablets) and you better hope you didn't
rush the boil and that the tablets still work. This wouldn't be a
problem if Nouri would fix the public services. He's been prime
minister since 2006, that's six years so the resposibility and the
failure is all on him.
In addition to a lack
of potable water, Nouri's also failed to provide dependable
electricity. All this time later, it's still apparently too much to
expect to have electricity for more than a few hours. Strange because,
before the start of the Iraq War, these electricity shortages weren't so
common. Even something as basic as santiation is beyond Nouri's
capabilities so children -- risking infection and disease -- can be
found playing in the piled up sewage so common on many Iraqi streets.
Nouri's also refused to spend money on the crumbling infrastructure.
This winter, Iraqis saw what Nouri's cheapness has resulted in: Flooding
throughout Iraq, homes falling down from the flooding, people dying in
the homes, people dying from drowning, people dying from electrocution,
people trudging through parts of Baghdad in knee-high water. When you
let the infrastructure fall apart, drainage becomes problematic. The Iraqi Red Crescent Society had to evacuate at least one village this month as a result of homes collapsing from the flooding.
Surely
Nouri's done better somewhere, right? Nope. Iraq is still among the
most corrupt countries as ranked by Transparency International. 176 countries were ranked this year on transparency and Iraq came in as the 169th most transparent country.
Only seven countries were ranked as less transparent. Nouri's long
been accused of skimming off Iraq's funds and his family lives high on
the hog. He also employs his son who is said to be as much of a terror
as Uday Hussein was said to be. Nouri's son is part of current
corruption scandal.
October 9th,
with much fanfare, Nouri signed a $4.2 billion dollar weapons deal with
Russia. He strutted and preened and was so proud of himself. Yet
shortly after taking his bows on the world stage and with Parliament and
others raising objections, Nouri quickly announced the deal was off.
The scandal, however, refuses to go away. The Iraq Times stated
Nouri was offering up his former spokesperson Ali al-Dabbagh and
others to protect the truly corrupt -- the truly corrupt -- according to
members of Parliament -- including Nouri's son who got a nice little
slice off the deal. These charges came from Shi'ite MPs as well as
Sunnis and Kurds. Even the Shi'ite National Alliance has spoken
out. All Iraq News noted
National Alliance member and one-time MP Wael Abdul Latif is calling
for Nouri to quickly bring charges against those involved in the
corruption. (The arms deal is now treated by the Iraqi press as corrupt
and not allegedly corrupt, FYI.) Latif remains a major player in the
National Alliance and the National Alliance has backed Nouri during his
second term. With his current hold on power reportedly tenous and
having already lost the support of Moqtada al-Sadr, Nouri really can't
afford to tick off the National Alliance as well. Kitabat reported
MP Maha al-Douri, of Moqtada al-Sadr's bloc in Parliament, is saying
Nouri's on a list of officials bribed by Russia for the deal.
The
magic wands. It's a story so old even David Petraeus weighed in at one
point. Nouri's government spent a small fortune purchasing these magic
wands from a British company that apparently didn't also sell magic
beans. You held the magic wand by a car and you 'jogged' in place,
pumping your legs up and down and the magic wand, activated by your
movement, would then detect a bomb if one was present. If you're not
believing it, October, 9, 2009, an Iraqi correspondent for McClatchy was exploring the subject at Inside Iraq:
Before
starting telling you what happens in most of the checkpoints you should
know about the "explosives detectors". The device is carried by
security man who stops your car and walk beside it carrying the device.
The device's pointer changes its direction when passed by a car that
supposedly carries explosives.
In November of 2009, Rod Nordland (New York Times) reported:
The
small hand-held wand, with a telescopic antenna on a swivel, is being
used at hundreds of checkpoints in Iraq. But the device works "on the
same principle as a Ouija board" -- the power of suggestion -- said a
retired United States Air Force officer, Lt. Col. Hal Bidlack, who
described the wand as nothing more than an explosives divining rod.
Still,
the Iraqi government has purchased more than 1,500 of the devices,
known as the ADE 651, at costs from $16,500 to $60,000 each. Nearly
every police checkpoint, and many Iraqi military checkpoints, have one
of the devices, which are now normally used in place of physical
inspections of vehicles.
With violence dropping in the past two
years, Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki has taken down blast walls
along dozens of streets, and he contends that Iraqis will safeguard the
nation as American troops leave.
It
wasn't just that US generals laughed at the magic wands, by 2010 even
the British government was disturbed, demanding the devices no longer be
manufactured and suing the company. But Nouri refused to join in the
lawsuit (he apparently only likes to sue the press and politicians) and
insisted that the magic wands continued to be used. Instead of
admitting that he had wasted over one million dollars on magic wands
that didn't work, Nouri put his vanity ahead of the safety of the Iraqi
people. Last November, years after the problem was first discovered, it
was quietly announced that Iraq would finally be getting bomb sniffing
dogs and explosive sensors.
Did he not sue because he got a kickback on the deal? Who knows?
Iraqis
continue to live in poverty and it is a nation of widows and orphans --
over a million orphans we learned as the year wound down. Nouri's
'answer' to that? End the food-ration card system. This system was put
in place in the 90s and provided the Iraqi people with basic staples.
After the start of the Iraq War in 2003, the US government targeted the
food-ration card system. Paul Bremer was only the first US official to
attempt to end it. Ending it would not be easy so they instead worked
on cutting it each year so that it offered less and less. In 2006, when
Nouri became prime minister, he continued the cuts.
This
fall, he decided, with record poverty and unemployment close to 40% in
Iraq, that now was the time to end this program. Cleric and movement
leader Moqtada al-Sadr was the first to call him out and insist this
wasn't happening. Iraqiya and others quickly backed Moqtada and Nouri
was forced to back down (and even tried to claim that it wasn't his idea
-- his Cabinet had planned it out without him). Iraq takes in billions
on oil sales each year. Yet Nouri claimed there was no profit to share
with the Iraqi people. Moqtada also pushed back on that and has been
meeting regularly with the ministries to find out where the money is
going.
It's not going to the Iraqi people.
Well what about justice? Is Nouri providing justice? Early 2012 saw
the Ministry of the Interior visit schools and tell Iraqi students that
Emo and LGBT youth were devil worshippers, were vampires, were perverts
and that they must die. That's appallling and that's Nouri. Nouri is
the Minister of the Interior. How can he be the Minister of the
Interior and the Prime Minister. Back in July, Mohammed Tawfeeq (CNN) observed,
"Shiite Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki has struggled to forge a lasting
power-sharing agreement and has yet to fill key Cabinet positions,
including the ministers of defense, interior and national security,
while his backers have also shown signs of wobbling support." See,
according to the Iraqi Constitution, if you can't appoint a full
Cabinet, you can't become prime minister (someone else is named prime
minister designate and given 30 days to build a Cabinet). But US
President Barack Obama wanted Nouri to have a second term so no rules
applied then (or apply now).
So Nouri had his
Ministry go into schools and egg on violence against Emo and LGBT Iraqis
-- and Iraqis who might be mistaken for Emo or LGBT. There was
worldwide outrage. The story got covered by outlets that normally
didn't even cover Iraq -- such as England's NME and the US' Rolling Stone
magazine. Nouri called off his dogs and tried to lie that the Ministry
of Interior was not involved; however, the Iraqi press quickly printed
the handout the Ministry of the Interior had circulated on its school
visits. Nouri's such a damn liar.
Staying with violence, as noted in the October 15th snapshot, Iraq had already executed 119 people in 2012. Time to add more to that total. Mohammed Tawfeeq (CNN) reported
last night that 10 more people were executed on Sunday ("nine Iraqis
and one Egyptian"). Tawfeeq notes the Ministry of Justice's statement
on the executions includes, "The Iraqi Justice Ministry carried out the
executions by hanging 10 inmates after it was approved by the
presidential council." And, not noted in the report, that number's only
going to climb. A number of Saudi prisoners have been moved into
Baghdad over the last weeks in anticipation of the prisoners being
executed. Hou Qiang (Xinhua) observes, "Increasing
executions in Iraq sparked calls by the UN mission in the country, the
European Union and human rights groups on Baghdad to abolish the capital
punishment, criticizing the lack of transparency in the proceedings of
the country's courts."
Nouri's
also targeted the press. 5 journalists were killed in 2012 (we'll have
more on that near the end of the snapshot). Outlets that report
realities Nouri doesn't like are repeatedly attacked. Both Al Mada and Kitabat were hacked in 2012 following their hard hitting reporting on corruption. Dropping back to Saturday, December 15th:
The Iraq Times reports
that cable channel Baghdadi was surrounded by the Iraqi military on
Friday and they forced everyone out and then shut the station down. They also note that Nouri ordered the closure. The Iraq Times reports
that Iraqiya spokesperson Maysoon al-Damalouji declared today that
Nouri is attempting to rebuild the Republic of Fear (a reference to the
days of Saddam Hussein) and decried the closing of Baghdadiya TV.
The satellite channel's crime? Reporting on the corruption in the Russian oil deal. This month, he also began targeting Fakhri Karim who is the editor and chair of Al Mada
newspaper -- he's had Karim's home surrounded by the US military.
Isn't it strange how in 'free' Iraq, Nouri's always sending in the
military to attack the press. And isn't it strange how the US
government -- even most of the US media -- refuse to call that out? ( Friday, he used the military to keep reporters away from the protests in an attempt to ensure that they did not get coverage.)
The White House backs thug Nouri. Elaine pointed out Friday:
Nouri is a threat and danger to the Iraqi people.
They
voted for change and Barack went around their votes, the democracy, the
Constitution to devise a contract (Erbil Agreement) to give Nouri a
second term.
Again, gays are targeted, Sunnis are targeted, Nouri
refused to even have one woman in his Cabinet until there was
international outcry -- and this is who the US government backs.
Remember that the next time Barack wants to pretend to give a damn about human rights.
Nouri
is in his second term as prime minister. Why? Barack Obama. In March
2010, Iraqis voted in parliamentary elections. Nouri's State of Law
was expected to win by a wide margin. The Iraqi people had other
ideas. Nouri's State of Law came in second to the Ayad Allawi headed
Iraqiya slate. Per the Constitution, per democracy, per vote counting,
that made Iraqiya the winner and, as such, they were supposed to be
immediately named prime minister-designate (one person from their slate,
most likely Allawi) and then given 30 days to form a Cabinet. Failure
to do so would result in someone else being named prime
minister-designate. This is clearly outlined in the Constitution. But
Nouri didn't want to lose his post. So he threw a public tantrum for
eight months basically refusing to vacate the palace. And he was able
to get away with that because he had the support of Barack Obama.
During this time, the US government didn't argue for fairness or
democracy or rule of law or the Constitution. They went to the
political blocs and told them that they were in the wrong. They told
them they needed to be mature and give. They need to give to the
loser. Grasp that, the US government started a propaganda campaign at
political leaders to get them to give up what they'd won to the loser
Nouri. A few asked questions. Supposedly Iraqi President Jalal
Talabani (currently in Germany receiving medical treatment) got very
short with US Vice President Joe Biden in one phone call (no, not the
one where Joe asked him to let Allawi be president). Talbani finally,
supposedly, had the brains to ask, "What's in it for us?"
Like
a lightening bolt, the US government decided they could give Nouri a
second term by going around the Constitution, by drawing a contract
between the political blocs. This 'inspiration' resulted in the
US-brokered Erbil Agreement. Leaders of political blocs agreed to give
Nouri a second term (and end the eight-month plus stalemate) in exchange
for Nouri agreeing to give them certain things. The primary demand by
the Kurds was that Article 140 of the Constitution be implemented
(finally). Iraqiya's primary demand was that an independent national
security council be created and headed by a member of Iraqiya. Nouri
used this contract to get his second term. Then he trashed the
contract. The White House had given their word that not only was the
contract legally binding but that they would stand by it. They did
nothing.
In the summer of 2011, the Kurds,
Moqtada al-Sadr and Iraqiya began publicly calling for Nouri to honor
the contract. He blew them off creating the current stalemate on which
numerous political crises have been stacked. John Barry's "' The Engame' Is A Well Researched, Highly Critical Look at U.S. Policy in Iraq" ( Daily Beast):
Washington has little political and no military influence
over these developments [in Iraq]. As Michael Gordon and Bernard
Trainor charge in their ambitious new history of the Iraq war, The Endgame,
Obama's administration sacrificed political influence by failing in
2010 to insist that the results of Iraq's first proper election be
honored: "When the Obama administration acquiesced in the questionable
judicial opinion that prevented Ayad Allawi's bloc, after it had won the
most seats in 2010, from the first attempt at forming a new government,
it undermined the prospects, however slim, for a compromise that might
have led to a genuinely inclusive and cross-sectarian government."
What
was in it for the White House? Well they were allowed to leave behind
US forces in Iraq after the drawdown (wrongly billed as "withdrawal") of
December 2011. They were able to leave "trainers," CIA, FBI,
Special-Ops and more. And the White House is able to add more. Back in
September, Tim Arango (New York Times) reported:
Iraq
and the United States are negotiating an agreement that could result in
the return of small units of American soldiers to Iraq on training
missions. At the request of the Iraqi government, according to General
Caslen, a unit of Army Special Operations soldiers was recently deployed
to Iraq to advise on counterterrorism and help with intelligence.
"Maliki
is heading towards an incredibly destructive dictatorship, and it looks
to me as though the Obama administration is waving him across the
finishing line," Toby Dodge, an Iraq expert at the London School of
Economics said earlier this year. "Meanwhile, the most likely outcomes,
which are either dictatorship or civil war, would be catastrophic
because Iraq sits between Iran and Syria."
In 2010, Nouri was su
Violence slams Iraq today as both the month and the year wind down. Mu Xuequan (Xinhua) notes Iraq witnessed "a wave of bombings and shootings." EFE counts 23 dead and seventy-five injured.
Specific incidents of violence? All Iraq News notes a Baghdad mortar attack which left "multiple" people injured, an undisclosed number of people were injured in a Tuz Khurmatu car bombing, a Mosul polling stationg was attacked leaving 2 guards dead, there was an attack on a Sahwa leader's home in Diyala Province today that left 1 of his bodyguards dead, 3 Musayyib bombings have left 4 people dead and another seven injured, a Khalis car bombing has left fiften people injured and 2 Balad Ruz bombings left 4 members of one family dead and a child injured. Alsumaria notes
that Ammar Youssef survived an attempted assassination by bombing today
in Tikrit -- two civilians were injured in the bomb targeting the
President of the Salahuddin Province Council. Alsumaria reports a Baghdad car bombing has claimed 3 lives and left sixteen injured. All Iraq News adds that the victims were largely part of a convoy planning a pilgrimage to pay respects to Imam Hussein. AP explains Imam Hussein is the grandson "of the Prophet Muhammad" who died in the 7th century. Press TV notes
that the death toll in the Baghdad bombing has risen to 4 and 1 in
Latifyah and 1 in Tuz Khurmatu. There was also a bombing in Hilla and Reuters quotes
hospital worker Mohammed Ahmed who states, "We heard the sound of a big
explosion and the windows of our office shattered. We immediately lay
on the ground. After a few minutes I stood up and went to the windows
to see what happened. I saw flames and people lying on the ground."
On Hilla, Nehal el-Sherif (Deutsche Presse-Agentur) reports,
"Seven people were killed and four wounded when gunmen blew up three
houses, security sources told the German news agency dpa. The attack
followed a car bombing that killed one person and wounded 17 near a
Shiite mosque in the city." All Iraq News also notes that visitors to a Shi'ite shrine in Babylon were targeted with a car bombing, leaving 1 dead and three injured. And Alsumaria notes a Kirkuk rocket attack that left 5 police officers dead and six other people injured. RTE offers,
"No group has claimed responsibility for any of the attacks, which
targeted government officials, police patrols and members of both the
Sunni and Shia sects."
The
latest attacks also came amid continuing anti-government demonstrations
in several Sunni-dominated cities protesting against marginalization by
the Shiite-led government as well as the alleged arrest of hundreds of
Sunnis.
The demonstrators also accused the
Shiite-dominated security forces of arresting women instead of the
wanted male of their family members.
The
protests were first sparked last week after the Iraqi security forces
arrested chief of the Sunni Finance Minister Rafia al-Issawi's
protection force and nine bodyguards over charges of terrorism.
The Middle East Monitor offers
this take, "The demonstrators are demanding to an end to what they
allege is the Iraqi government's 'marginalisation and exclusion policy';
they're also asking for the release of prisoners as well as an end to
inhumane treatment in the country's prison."
Protests continued over the weekend. Al Bawaba News noted,
"Pressure is mounting on Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki to step
down, after the largest scale protests so far saw tens of thousands of
Iraqis gather on Friday to call for his removal." All Iraq News reported
that Minister of Defense Saadoun al-Dulaimi received a list of demands
from members of the council of Anbar Province whose citizens passed on
the demands: They want the detention of women stopped, they want
detainees released and Article 4 of the Constitution reviewed. The
Defense Minister was visiting Anbar Province one day after Friday's massive demonstration took place in Falluja (with a conservative estimate of the protesters being 60,000). Al Mada noted that Nouri pronounced Friday's protests in Mosul and Ramadi "uncivilized"; however, rock throwing wouldn't emerge until Sunday.
Mosul is the capital of Nineveh Province. All Iraq News reported
that Council Members have informed the central government in Baghdad
that their citizens demand the release of prisoners an end to Article 4
and an end to the Justice and Accountability Commission. Article 4 is
how Nouri dubs various Iraqi rivals 'terrorists.' And the Justice and
Accountability Commission is what Nouri uses to prevent people from
running in elections. They have no job, they have no real role. Any
Saddam Hussein loyalists would have long ago been captured. But Nouri
uses this Article 4 to destroy his political rivals. Alsumaria added that Nineveh Provincial Council announced Saturday a general strike in solidarity with the protesters. It's a 72-hour strike (medical facilities will not be on strike). Today Alsumaria reports
that Speaker of Parliament Osama al-Nujaifi has declared that
Parliament will abolsih Article 4. He compares Article 4 to the Sword
of Damocles hanging over the neck of Iraqis.
Atheel (or Ethel)
al-Nujaifi is the governor of the province. He's also the brother of
Speaker of Parliament Osama al-Nujaifi. Alsumaria notes
that the governor declared Saturday that Nouri al-Maliki can end the
current crisis within 24 hours just be returning the arrested to their
provinces. Al Mada explains that Nouri has repeatedly targeted Atheel al-Nujaifi.
In
October, allegations of torture and rape of women held in Iraqi prisons
and detention centers began to make the rounds. In November, the
allegations became a bit more and a fistfight broke out in Parliament
with an angry State of Law storming out. By December, Members of
Parliament on certain security committees were speaking publicly about
the abuses. Then Nouri declared that anyone talking about this topic
was breaking the law. He continued on this tangent for weeks claiming
this past week that he would strip MPs of their immunity. (The
Constitution doesn't allow for that.) Also this past week, it was
learned that at least four females were raped in a Baghdad prison.
The outrage here is part of what has fueled the protests. Alsumaria notes
the Ministry of Justice's latest spin Saturday: Only women guards are
at these prisons! Whether that's true or not (most likely it is not)
world history demonstrates that when women are imprisoned it's very
common for someone to get the 'bright idea' to sell access to these
women. Greed is a strong motivator. Again, the very claim is doubtful
but if there are no men on staff, that doesn't mean men have not been
present in the prisons. It wasn't enough to silence objections or stop
the protests. Sunday, Al Arabiya noted,
"Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki ordered on Sunday the release of
female prisoners, who were arrested for terrorism charges without
judicial warrants or because of terror crimes committed by their
relatives, to appease to protesters who want to see the scrapping of
anti-terrorism measures in the country, a local website reported."
Protests
continued on Sunday with most of the press attention going to Ramadi
where Deputy Prime Minister Saleh al-Mutlaq was involved in an
incident. Chen Zhi (Xinhua) reports
that al-Mutlaq's office issued a statement claiming there was an
assassination attempt on him while he was by the protesters and,
following the assassination attempt, his bodyguards fired on the
protesters. His office also claims that his bodyguards were injured.
Citing witnesses and video, AP states that the bodygaurds fired on protesters who were making demands and throwing "rocks and bottles." AP notes that two protesters were injured by the gunshots. Reuters speaks with local witnesses and ends up with the same sequence of events AP has. Salma Abdelaziz, Yousuf Basil and Mohammed Lazim (CNN) report:
Some
demonstrators Sunday called for al-Multaq, who is Sunni, to submit his
resignation to Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki's government. Protesters
chanted, "Leave! Leave!" and threw stones at him, witnesses told CNN.
The
deputy prime minister's bodyguards opened fire in an attempt to
disperse the crowd as protesters hurled stones at the stage, Anbar
provincial council member Suhaib al-Rawi told CNN. A protester with a
gunshot wound was among five people injured, al-Rawi said. Details about
the other injuries were not immediately clear.
All Iraq News counts 1 protester dead and four injured. Samantha Stainburn (Global Post) observes,
"It is not known if the injured protests were shot intentionally or
accidentally." The statement al-Mutlaq's office issued can be seen as
an attempt by the politician to cover what happened. Why he was stupid
enough to go to a protest is beyond me. Yes, he is Sunni and, yes, he
is in the Iraqiya slate. But Saleh al-Mutlaq is not popular. He and
Vice President Tareq al-Hashemi (also Sunni and Iraqiya) were both
targeted by Nouri in December of 2011. While Tareq ended up having to
leave the country and being convicted of 'terrorism,' Saleh sailed
right through. In May, Nouri dropped his efforts to strip Saleh of his
office.
By that point, there had been months of speculation in
the Iraqi press that Saleh al-Mutlaq had cut a deal to save his own ass,
that he was now in partnership with Nouri al-Maliki. This seemed to be
even more true when Saleh was seen as undermining efforts to get a
no-confidence vote against Nouri as spring was winding down.
Saleh
al-Mutlaq is seen -- rightly or wrongly -- by Sunni Iraqis as someone
who protects himself and does nothing for other Sunnis (whether they're
politicians or average citizens). His actions on Sunday did nothing to
alter that opinion. Today Dar Addustour observes
that Mutlaq was seen as attempting to distract protesters from their
legitimate demands for and that his words were seen as throwing shoes at
the protesters. (Remember, throwing shoes is a major insult in Iraq.) Kitabat adds that al-Mutlaq further insulted the protesters by refusing to get on the platform to address them.
Al Mada notes the Mosul sit-in continued today. They also report
that, according to a police source, six people taking part in a sit-in
in Salahuddin Province were arrested yesterday and that the Salahuddin
Provincial Council is warning Baghdad against ignoring the demands of
the protesters. Alsumaria reports
that Speaker of Parliament al-Nujaifi declared today that the
government must offer real solutions and not fall back on
procrastination.
On death and violence, Mark Sweney (Guardian) notes
that of the 121 journalists killed worldwide in 2012, the International
Federation of Journalists points out five were in Iraq. IFJ notes these are the top countries:
1) Syria: 35 journalists killed
2) Somolia: 18 journalists killed
3) Pakistan: 10 journalists killed
(tie) Mexico: 10 journalists killed
5) Philippines: 5 journalists killed
(tie) Iraq: 5 journalists killed
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