JEFFREY BROWN: Well, explain the other part of the equation. The -- at the same time the filings are down new foreclosures are up.
GUY CECALA: Yes.
JEFFREY BROWN: What does that mean?
GUY CECALA: That pretty much means that lenders, particularly in what we call judicial foreclosure states, the ones they have to get -- go through court, are working through a backlog that built up last year due to pending litigation.
The attorney generals in the United States were all banding together to go after some of the major servicers, and basically a lot of foreclosures were put on hold, or at least the final step of trying to sell off the property.
JEFFREY BROWN: Bring us up to date on that, because we watched it carefully. There was that -- there was that -- the backlog, as you say, and a kind of stoppage, right, and then the settlement.
So where does all that stand?
GUY CECALA: Well, theoretically, it's opened the door for servicers to proceed, but somewhat cautiously, in pursuing foreclosures now. And in some of the states, the ones with judicious foreclosures -- judicial foreclosures, we're starting to see action pick up, meaning more foreclosures. They are trying to work through the backlog.
That's a watch, listen or read link. They also had this story on the US women's soccer team.
Every four years, in the summer, I find myself thinking the Olympics don't have anything to say to me and wondering when they'll be over?
Mainly that's a pose. I am glued when women's soccer starts. And afraid the US women's team will lose. That's because their wins have meant so much to me.
They really are the first women's sports that the whole country has gotten behind.
I'm no fool, I know that's because they grabbed the gold. And the interest only stays as long as they continue to perform well.
They did today, winning the gold for the third consecutive Olympics.
I was so happy. I had my granddaughter watching with me and, for a bit, I thought Japan was going to win. So I was explaining that it really does just matter that you make it to the Olympics, that anything after you get to compete is just gravy.
Well when they won, that was some gravy. More than enough for a thousand gravy boats.
I was in school back in the day where the ideal female athlete was a cheerleader. I'm not joking. We had a women's tennis team and that was tolerated. But if you went for something more than that and it wasn't track, they looked at you strange.
I had no natural skills. I couldn't even throw a ball until I had kids. With 8 kids, you learn to throw a ball. Mike even thinks I can pitch good. (That's because he's the 7th child. If he'd been the first or second, he'd feel differently but I got a lot of practice in.) I was a cheerleader and really wished I'd been something else. I got to be part of the 'game experience' but I didn't compete.
And from there I grew up being the eternal cheerleader. In fact, I sometimes think that's woman's role in this sexist society.
So I cooked and cleaned and served for guests at football games we caught on TV or baseball or you name the sport. And it was always loud cheers for the home team.
And the home team was always men.
No one wanted to watch tennis with me so Billie Jean King and Chris Everett were lost on my family. By the 80s, I gave up and just watched women compete by myself.
But then along came the '00s and women's soccer and for the first time ever our living room was filled with screaming adults -- men and women -- cheering and rooting for a team made up of women.
And it was great to watch today with my granddaughter and for us to see the US women's soccer team continue their streak.
This is C.I.'s "Iraq snapshot" for today:
|
Thursday,
August 9, 2012. Chaos and violence continue, the Iraqi government
wastes money on luxury trucks, a woman whose husband was kidnapped in
2006 appeals to the International Olympic Committee for help, birth
defects resulting from chemical war is recognized somewhat, Green Party
presidential candidate Jill Stein decries "the politics of fear [which]
have brought us everything that we are afraid of," Peace and Freedom
vice presidential candidate Cindy Sheehan gets arrested, and more.
Today, as Jeff Carlisle (ESPN) reports,
the US women's soccer team won the gold medal, as NBC noted, it was
their third Summer Olympics in a row to take home the gold in that
event.
With three more days left for the London Summer Olympics, Ahmed al-Samarrai gets a little of the press attention. Who? In 2004 ESPN reported
on Ahmed noting that he was in charge of Iraq's Olympics and had
"survived an assassination attempt when attackers threw grenades and
fired automatic weapons at his care in Baghdad after a roadside bomb
failed to kill him." In February 2004, Sinomania noted
on the election the month before of "63 year old former athlete Ahmed
al-Samarrai" as president of the Iraq National Olympics Committee. Two
years later, he would be in the news for a different reason. Alan Abrahamson (Los Angeles Times) reported Jully 19, 2006:
Al-Samarrai
was kidnapped Saturday. He and his colleagues had been at a sports
meeting at a cultural center in downtown Baghdad. In all, dozens were
seized. Reports say they were taken by heavily armed men dressed in
camouflage and police uniforms.
In May,
meanwhile, 17 members of an Iraqi taekwondo squad, including four on the
national team, were kidnapped on their way to Jordan, where they had
hoped to obtain visas for a tournament in Las Vegas -- all 17
disappeared into the desert, with no word since. It remains unclear
whether Rasheed was among them.
The head of the Iraqi taekwondo association, Jamal Abdul Karim, was among those kidnapped Saturday.
The
abductions Saturday followed the killing Thursday of the Iraqi
wrestling team's Sunni coach, shot dead in a Shiite district of Baghdad.
Of the dozens, 13 would eventually be released. Ahmed was not one of the ones released. In August 2008, Kim Gamel (AP) reported
that Ahmed remained missing and that his "wife, Niran, who claims her
Sunni husband was kidnapped at a time of sectarian violence and
high-level government officials took little action. She alleges her
husband was targeted because he resisted attempts to use the committee
as a political forum." Niran spoke of the need for closure and for
justice, for her husband and for the others who were kidnapped as well.
Gamel observed that Niran "faults the government of Prime Minister
Nouri al-Maliki for failing to investigate the attack or to arrest any
of the kidnappers." Niran stated, "They were abducting within
al-Maliki's era. He is the prime minister. He's supposed to look
after the people."
Today she tells Andrew Warshaw (Inside The Games),
"Since 2006 not a single person from the Iraqi Government has helped
me, the same Government who are still in power. It's simply obscene. I
believe they know who was behind this. They couldn't push my husband
out legally [Nouri wanted to remove Ahmed from the committee and the
kidnappers told Ahmed he was an embarrassment to Nouri] so they did it
by force. I have to believe Ahmed is still alive though maybe he has
been tortured. I'm tired and scared with not knowing his fate after
this savage crime. Somebody has to give us some hope. Some of the
families of those kidnapped with my husband had new-born babies who have
never seen their fathers. The IOC represents my last chance." She
wants, as the BBC explains,
for the International Olympic Committee to ask serious questions of
Nouri's government about the kidnappings. If that is to happen, it will
require public pressure. In 2010, Jacquelin Magnay (Telegraph of London) explained
the official position by quoting the Association of National Olympic
Committees President Mario Vasquez who declared that they were not
interested in finding out what happened to Ahmad and the others, "It's
not that we forget this issue, it's that we intentially do not want to
deal with it. We deliberately do not want to discuss these matters or
mention this to the ministers. They don't want to deal with this
either, we come here to discuss sports matter and not matters related to
violence. They are regrettable, of course."
On the issue of the Olympics, Saturday, KUNA noted
that Tunisia's Oussam Mellouli (swimmer) and Iraq's Dana Abdul Razak
(pictured above, competes in the 100 meter track event) were the only
Arabs to make it through the heats and qualify for the first rounds in
their competitions. And from there? Jim Caple (ESPN) reported the
Friday first round,"Dana Abdul Razak lined up in Lane 2 at Olympic
Stadium for Heat 5 in the first round of the women's 100-meter dash. Two
lanes over, Allyson Felix planted her feet in the starting blocks. The
starter's gun went off and the Iraqi runner burst down the track
alongside America's most famous female sprinter. Abdul Razak finished
last in the heat, losing to Felix by eight-tenths of a second, but that
didn't matter much. Earlier in the day, the Iraqi had won her heat. She
had raced with some of the world's best and she had advanced women's
sports in her country." John Canzano (Oregonian) observed,
"It wasn't lost on me that many of the sprinters around Abdul Razak in
the mixed zone didn't grow up in a nation where being able to compete
would even be a question. Also, with Allyson Felix of the U.S. coming
through moments later after winning the heat and wearing the finest
track and field gear to go with the best training/nutrition to go with a
USA Track and Field handler who escorted her, I wondered about the vast
disparity in resources available to athletes here." She now holds the
record for Iraq in the 100-meter dash (11.91).
When Dana Abdul Razak first competed in the Summer Olympics it was 2008 and she was the only athlete from Iraq. This year she was one of eight at the Summer Olympics. She's part of a group of Iraqi athletes making steady progress. The other seven Iraqis competing in London were Ahmed Abdulkareem, Adnan Taess Akkar, Noor Amer al-Ameri, Mohanad Ahmed Dheyaa al-Azzawi, Safaa al-Jumaili, Rand al-Mashhadani and Ali Nadhim Salman Salman.
From London to Vietnam, on The Takeaway (PRI) today, environmental destruction was addressed.
John
Hockenberry: Today the US started a clean up effort to deal with the
effects of spraying millions of gallons of the toxic defoliant known as
Agent Orange over jungle areas to destory enemy cover during the Vietnam
War. In the almost 40 years since the war ended, Vietnam says several
million people have been affected with up to 150,000 children born with
severe birth defects because Agent Orange seeped into the water and
soils.
US
Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear [audio clip]: The dixon in the ground
here is a legacy of the painful past we share. But the project we
undertake here today hand-in-hand with the Vietnamese is, as Secretary
[of State Hillary] Clinton said, "a sign of the hopeful future we are
building together."
John
Hockenberry: Speaking there that's US Ambassador to Vietnam David
Shear. He was at a ceremony today here in Danang where all of this is
being kicked off. Joining us now is Susan Hammond Director of the War
Legacies Project, joins us from Chester, Vermont. Susan Hammond, thank
you for joining us.
Susan Hammond: Thank you for having me.
John Hockenberry: How much unfinished business do you say is here? It's more than just a clean up that begins today, yes?
Susan
Hammond: It is. Well this is the first part of a multi-part problem.
The fact that there is still dixon in several hot spots throughout
Vietnam -- It's significant that the US is finally getting around to
helping the Vietnamese clean this dioxin up. But there's also the
longterm health effects in Vietnam that still need to be addressed.
John
Hockenberry: And how would those be addressed? Separate treaties or is
that a part of this agreement, it's just in a different stage?
Susan
Hammond: No. At this point, it's -- the US has provided some limited
funding for programs within the Danang area to provide services for
children with disabilities though they do not say it's directly related
to Agent Orange.
John
Hockenberry: How much political interest is there on Capitol Hill to
pursuing, you know, programs of recompense like this? As we know,
there's a very, very strong lobby on the POW - MIA issue. I'm wondering
if they go together on this or if they are opposed to this?
Susan
Hammond: Uhm, most are not opposed. There are veterans with their own
issues with Agent Orange, that they're labeling Congress but even many
of the veterans are supportive of addressing this issue in Vietnam
because they're facing it themselves in their own human health and their
children's to some extent.
We'll note some of Ambassador David Shear's remarks:
Xin chao.
This morning we celebrate a historic milestone for our bilateral relationship.
Today's
ceremony marks the start of a project between Vietnam's Ministry of
National Defense and the U.S. Agency for International Development,
USAID, to clean up dioxin contaminated soil and sediment at the airport
left from the Vietnam War. Over the next few years, workers will dig up
the contaminated soil and sediment and place it in a stockpile, where it
will be treated using thermal desorption technology. This process uses
high temperatures to break down the dioxin in the contaminated soil and
make it safe by Vietnamese and U.S. standards for the many men, women,
and children who live and work in this area.
We
have worked together closely over many years in a spirit of mutual
respect and cooperation to reach this point. With Presidential and
Congressional support from Washington, my Embassy has cooperated with
the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment's Office 33 since its
establishment in 1999 to coordinate Vietnam's policies and programs on
Agent Orange. We've used annual meetings of the Joint Advisory Committee
under the leadership of Office 33 and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to seek science-based solutions to complex environmental and
health issues related to Agent Orange.
As
part of Vietnam's contribution to the cleanup, the Ministry of National
Defense cleared unexploded ordinance from the airport site and will
construct a power substation to supply electricity for the remediation
process. We also greatly appreciate the strong commitment of other
partners, including the Danang People's Committee and Airport
Authorities, to the success of this project.
It is a historic moment. And it's several decades after the end of that conflict. What of Iraq?
Dropping back to the October 13, 2010 snapshot:
Alsumaria TV reported
yesterday that the Adan school in northern Baghdad was one of the areas
where cancer is breaking out at alarming rates and that the cancer is
traced "to Dijla water pollution caused by wastes." Today they report that breast cancer cases remain high. Wastes in water again? Breast Cancer Society of Iraq [PDF format warning] surveyed Iraqi women and found that only 21% of conducted a self-exam for lumps. Last July, Democracy Now! (link has text, audio and video) addressed the rising cases of cancer in Falluja:
JUAN GONZALEZ: Patrick,
I'd like to ask you about this whole other issue of the report on -- by
Chris Busby and some other epidemiologists about the situation in
Fallujah and the enormous increases in leukemias and cancers in Fallujah
after
the US soldiers' attack on that city. Could you talk about that?
PATRICK COCKBURN: Sure.
I think what's significant, very significant, about this study is that
it confirms lots of anecdotal evidence that there had been a serious
increase in cancer, in babies being born deformed, I mean, sometimes
with --grotesquely so, babies -- you know, a baby girl born with two
heads, you know, people born without limbs, then a whole range of
cancers increased enormously. That this was -- when I was in Fallujah,
doctors would talk about this, but, you know one couldn't -- one could
write about this, but one couldn't really prove it from anecdotal
evidence. Now this is a study, a scientific study, based on interviews
with 4,800 people, which gives -- proves that this was in fact happening
and is happening. And, of course, it took -- you know, it has taken
place so much later than the siege of Fallujah, when it was heavily
bombarded in 2004 by the US military, because previously, you know, Fallujah
is such a dangerous place to this day, difficult to carry out a survey, but it's
been finally done, and the results are pretty extraordinary.
AMY GOODMAN: What were the various weapons that were used in the
bombing of Fallujah in 2004?
PATRICK COCKBURN: Well,
primarily, it was sort of, you know, artillery and bombing. Initially
it was denied that white phosphorus had been used, but later this was
confirmed. I think one shouldn't lose sight of the fact, in this case,
that before one thinks about was depleted uranium used and other things,
that just simply the use of high -- large quantities of high explosives
in a city filled with civilians and people packed into houses -- often
you find, you know, whole
families living in one room -- was, in itself, going to create, lead to very, very
high civilian casualties. But that's not what we're talking about here. We're
talking
about the increase in cancers and so forth, and the suspicion that
maybe depleted uranium, maybe some other weapon, which we don't know
about -- this is not my speculation, but of one of the professors who
carried out the study -- might have been employed in Fallujah, and that
would be an explanation for results which parallel, in fact exceed, the
illnesses subsequently suffered by survivors of Hiroshima.
The study referred to is by Chris Busby, Malak Hamdan and Entesar Ariabi and is [PDF format warning] entitled "Cancer, Infant Mortality and Birth Sex-Ratio in Fallujah, Iraq 2005-2009" (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health).
The
damage caused by the US government's decision to use harmful chemicals
in Vietnam gets some US government recognition today. When does that
same recognition arrive for Iraq?
Prashant Rao (AFP) reported
yesterday on Falluja General Hospital where, last month, 4 American
nurses and 2 American doctors helped with the opening of a cardiac
catheterisation lab nearly eight years after the November 2004 assault
on the city in which various weapons -- some banned -- were used
resulting in birth defects -- continued birth defects in Iraq. He
notes:
Medics and officials in
Fallujah, however, including hospital director Lawas, have no doubt the
defects have been caused by the US forces' alleged use of depleted
uranium rounds in 2004.
"Fallujah has seen
many wars, and it was attacked twice by American troops, and many
weapons were used in this city," said Lawas. "We think that there is a
link between those weapons and the diseases."
Al Rafidayn reports
Nouri's spokesperson Ali al-Dabbagh states that the political blocs met
with Nouri yesterday but there was no agreement reached. al-Dabbagh
also attempted to justify to the press Iraq's lousy treatment of the
Syrian refugees (the refugees are apparently treated well in the KRG --
the UN has visited those camps and reported to the Security Council on
those camps, I'm not referring to the KRG treatment, I'm referring to
Baghad housing the refugees in abandoned buildings and refusing to allow
them mobility). And he yet again denied that there were any secret
prisons in Iraq.
Ayad al-Tamimi (Al Mada) reports that the election law is still bottled up in Parliament with no forward movement. State of Law Mp Abbas al-Bayati states that they are a long way off from resolving various issues about the proposed law. AKnews notes Martin Kobler, UN Secertary-General Ban Ki-moon's Special Envoy to Iraq, expressed dismay at the start of the week over this delay that he dubbed a "threat to democracy." July 19th, Kobler appeared before the UN Security Council and stated: As we speak, my political deputy, Mr. [Gyorgy Busztin], is engaged in facilitation efforts to bring about the formation of a new, Independent High Election Commission which is representative of the main components of Iraq -- including women and children and minorities. The urgent selection of the commissioners is essential for ensuring that the provincial council elections due to take place in March 2013 can be conducted on time. I'm concerned that the ongoing political stalemate is hindering the process however. In recent days, I have discussed with political leaders -- including Prime Minister al-Maliki -- the need for a swfit conclusion of this political process and the need for an adequate representation of women and minorities in the commission. Today, I would like to re-iterate my appeal to all political blocs to expedite the selection of professional commissioners. UNAMI stands here ready to actively assist. Tuesday came news that Parliament thought they'd arrived at a stop-gap measure: they'd tack on 35 days to the current Electoral Commission. AK News quotes the Chair of the Electoral Commission Faraj al-Haidari stating, "A new board of commissioners was supposed to be formed because the delay creates confusion. The required period to complete the commission's procedures after the ratification of the election law and the budget according to international standards is six months. Until now the law is not published in the official newspaper and the budget hasn't yet arrived."
On electoral laws, Mustafa Habib (niqash) reports:
Last week, the Iraqi parliament approved a law that many, including the country's highest court, say is unconstitutional.
What
MPs did was approve amendments to a law regulating how provincial
elections are decided. Provincial elections are due to be held in April
2013. They will be governed by the provincial election law 36, passed in
2008 and upon which the 2009 provincial elections were based.
But
in 2009 there were conflicts about electoral districts and minority
representation and this was what led to calls for a revision of the law.
A parliamentary committee was formed to look into the matter.
"The
law contains many violations and irregularities," Ziad al-Thari, a
member of the committee tasked with amending the law, says. "These
affected the 2009 elections and that's why we needed to amend this law.
However all the efforts made by the regions and provinces committee to
introduce major amendments to the law over the last year have failed.
And mainly this has been because of the conflicts between the different
political blocs."
As a result, an amended version of the electoral law was only passed into law by the Iraqi parliament on August 2.
And
what is causing conflict now is a part of the revised electoral law
which says that if some parties don't get enough votes to make any
difference to them, the votes they did get will be given to bigger
parties. In 2009 this led to a lack of representation for many smaller
Iraqi parties.
Well
it would appear Barack Obama and Bully Boy Bush conveyed the importance
of eliminating other parties to ensure dominance and corruption. In
the US there are many third party and independent candidates making a
run for the presidency. We're following two. Jill Stein has the Green Party's presidential nomination and her running mate is Cheri Honkala. Roseanne Barr has the nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party and her running mate is Cindy Sheehan. Rob Kall (OpEdNews) interviewed Dr. Jill Stein yesterday and we'll again note that audio interview:
Jill
Stein: It is very important, I think, that we stand up and we vote
with our feet and we vote with our votes and we not bow to the
disinformation campaigns and the propaganda that tells us that we better
just be good little boys and girls and let them call the shots and that
silence is the best political strategy. You know, this is the time to
reject that politics of fear and to recognize he politics of fear which
has told us to be quiet, that we've got to just vote for the lesser
evil. The politics of fear have brough us everything that we are afraid
of: The massive bailouts for Wall Street, the expanding war for oil,
the declining wages for workers, the offshoring of our jobs. This
president is negotiating the latest free trade agreement which is like
NAFTA on steroids -- the attack on our civil liberties in which
President Obama co-signed all the violations of George W. Bush and then
took it further to where he can not only throw anybody in jail for
whatever his pleasure is, you know, he doesn't have to justify it or
even tell anybody, need not accuse you of any crime or try you before a
jury. You know, he has the power of indefinite detention including the
power of assassination. So it's just staggering how our civil liberties
are being stripped from us. We cannot afford to sit back and let this
happen. He sabotaged the international accord on climate so that there
will not be an agreement until after 2020 when it is too late. The
science is telling us now that it was too optimistic. It's going to be
far worse. It is far worse already than the worst models predicted. And
that - that model said if we haven't made substantial progress before
2020, we're basically going up into flames. It's not like the climate
goes through some limited change and then it's in a new, steady state.
It never gets to a steady state. It moves into temperature
acceleration. That's not okay. That's not compatible with life, let
alone compatible with an economy or civilization as we know it. The
politics of fear have brought us everything that we are afraid of. It
is time to reject that propaganda campaign -- bought and paid for by
Wall Street and corporate America. It's time to reject the politics of
fear and stand up with the politics of courage and move forward now
with the solutions that will actually fix this problem, that will
provide the jobs that will stabilize the climate, that can create health
care and education, for that matter, as a human right, that will
downsize the military and rightsize the military, that will tax the rich
and ensure that we have the resources to do it. We do have the
resources. We're just running out of time. The clock is ticking. So
be afraid of passivity, be afraid of being co-opted, be afraid of
being betrayed. But do not be afraid of yourself and that we are the
ones we have been waiting for and we need to move this forward in a
hurry.
16 people were arrested yesterday as they protested the nuclear Bangor Trident Sub Base. One of the sixteen was Cindy Sheehan:
Peace
activists lined the roadside with anti-nuke signs, banners and a
full-scale inflatable Trident II D-5 ballistic missile. Around 7:00 am
Peacekeepers from Ground Zero entered the road to safely stop incoming
traffic. Three activists entered the roadway carrying a banner with the
message "Abolish Nuclear Weapons." Washington State Patrol officers
escorted the protestors to the median for processing.
Almost
immediately, another group of activists entered the roadway with a
banner bearing the message "Give Peace a Chance. No, Seriously." As
they were being removed from the roadway two more groups carried banners
calling for the abolition of nuclear weapons onto the roadway in the
same sequence and were subsequently removed. Traffic entering the base
was stopped continuously until all protestors were cleared from the
roadway.
A
total of 16 persons engaged in the blockade. All were issued citations
at the scene for "Walking on roadway where prohibited" and released.
Those cited were Tom Rogers, Poulsbo, WA; Cindy Sheehan, Vacaville,
CA; Marion Ward, Vancouver, WA; Michael Siptroth, Belfair, WA; Mal
Chaddock, Portland, OR; Ann Havill, Bend, OR; Betsy Lamb, Bend, OR;
Bernie Meyer, Olympia, WA; Leonard Eiger, North Bend, WA; Constance
Mears, Poulsbo, WA; Gordon Sturrock, Eugene, OR; Brenda McMillan, Port
Townsend, WA; Mack Johnson, Silverdale, WA; Gilberto Z Perez, Bainbridge
Island, WA; George W Rodkey, Tacoma, WA and Elizabeth Murray,
Bellingham, WA.
There
are many candidates running for the Oval Office. We're noting Jill and
Cheri and Roseanne and Cindy. Why? They're independent runs and
they're peace candidates. In addition, they are women. One of the
saddest things about 2008 is how so many women and feminist outlets
silenced themselves -- politics of fear! -- and refused to cover the
women in the race (Cynthia McKinney was running for president on the
Green Party ticket, Rosa Clemente was her running mate; Sarah Palin was
John McCain's running mate on the Republican Party ticket). You didn't
have to like them, you didn't have to say you'd vote for one of them but
if you are, for example, Feminist Wire Daily, I think we have the right
to expect that you will cover runs for the presidency by women. Your
failure to do so not only embarrassed and shamed you in 2008, it
continues to and that will always be the case. 100 years from now,
someone will ask, "Well did Feminist Majority Foundation or Women's
Media Center at least have one kind word for Sarah Palin on some area?
The woman wasn't Adolf Hitler. Surely a feminist could be counted on to
say at least one thing nice even if they weren't going to vote for
her. I mean Ralph Nader even noted she was the only candidate with
executive branch experience so surely feminist outlets were able to
disagree with her on some issues but to find one positive statement
about her, right?" Wrong. And on disagree, Jill Stein and Roseanne
Barr are both strong women. They want votes. I'm not going to hold
them to a different standard than I would male politicians. Meaning, if
they hit hard, even at each other, that's politics. It's great that
we've got four women on two tickets this year. That's something to
celebrate. And all four are strong women. I can't imagine the kind of
internal shame of your gender you'd have to have in order to be silent
on these four women and their campaigns.
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